Polyether amine modification of polypropylene

ABSTRACT

A compound comprising a blend of polypropylene with the reaction of a functionalized polypropylene and polyether amine in which the polyether amine is grafted into the functionalized polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus is disclosed. The blend may include an elastomer such as EP rubber and/or a filler such as glass. A process for producing the reaction product of the functionalized polypropylene and the polyether amine by melting with polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus is also disclosed. Blends of the present invention are advantageously useful to prepare paintable automotive body parts. A polyether monoamine that contains from about 36 to about 44 ethylene units and from about 1 to about 6 propylene units, and processes and blends using same.

This is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 08/499,521, filed Jul. 7, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,783,630, which is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 08/222,508, filed Apr. 4, 1994, now abandoned, which is a continuation application of Ser. No. 08/090,675, filed Jul. 13, 1993, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a novel olefin polymer composed of the reaction of a functionalized polypropylene and a polyether amine. This invention also relates to thermoplastic resin blends containing the novel olefin polymer and polypropylene. This invention also relates to polyetheramines.

2. Related Art

The in situ formation of compatibilizers for polyblends is rapidly gaining popularity. In the last few years, more and more cases have been reported where advantage is taken of the presence of reactive groups to form a graft or a block or a random copolymer, which could act as a compatibilizer for a mixture of two or more polymers. The prior art, Process Requirements of the Reactive Compatibilization of Nylon 6/Polypropylene Blends by S. S. Dagli, M. Xanthos and J. A. Biensenberger: Polymer Processing Institute at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N.J. 07030 reveals an acrylic acid grafted modified polypropylene used with a blend of nylon-6 and polypropylene.

Thermoplastic resin compositions containing polypropylene are well known in the art (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,081). U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,164 describes a polypropylene/polyamide composition suitable for producing moldings. The patent describes an ethylene copolymer useful as an adhesion promoter. Moreover, the patent indicates that maleic acid is a suitable monomer for preparing the ethylene copolymer.

In addition, maleated polypropylene is commercially available.

European patent application 0 367 832 discloses a resin composition containing an olefinic polymer having acid anhydride groups. As in U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,164, the novel compound is blended with a polyamide.

Japanese patent 46003838 reveals a maleic anhydride modified polypropylene composition containing triethylamine and polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether. Japanese patent 60195120 reveals a molding containing polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, and diethylenetriamine.

However, the instant invention uses the maleic anhydride in conjunction with polyetheramines which produce unexpected improvements in resin properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is a compound comprising a blend of polypropylene ("PP") with the reaction product of a functionalized polypropylene and polyetheramine in which the polyether amine is grafted onto the functionalized polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus. By grafted it is meant that the amine functionality of the polyetheramine reacts with the anhydride component of the functionalized polypropylene to form a reaction product, for instance, a primary amine will react with a maleic anhydride to form an imide. This invention is also a process for producing the reaction product of the functionalized polypropylene and the polyether amine by melting with polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus. In this regard, the compound blend of this invention may be prepared by reactive extrusion by feeding a polyetheramine, a functionalized polypropylene and polypropylene into an extruder at temperatures such that the polyetheramine reacts with the functionalized polypropylene to form a reaction product containing, for example, an imide group.

This invention is also a polyether monoamine which contains from about 36 to about 44 ethylene oxide units and from about 1 to about 6 propylene oxide units. By ethylene oxide unit and propylene oxide unit it is meant the residue of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide which has been incorporated into the polyether monoamine, i.e., units corresponding to --CH₂ CH₂ O-- and --CH₂ CHCH₃ O--, respectively. This invention further relates to a process for making a blend containing polypropylene and the reaction product of a functionalized polypropylene and a polyether monoamine by melting polypropylene polyether monoamine and functionalized polypropylene to form the blend. This invention is yet further directed to a blend containing polypropylene and the reaction product of polyether monoamine and functionalized polypropylene.

The compositions of the present invention are useful for preparing molded automotive body parts, including directly paintable thermoplastic polyolefins ("TPO") based automotive body parts.

It is also contemplated that the compositions are useful for making molded parts that contain filler such as glass. It is yet further contemplated that the compositions of the present invention may be useful in the preparation of films, including printable films; fibers including dyable and non-woven PP fibers; and in packaging materials for electronics components such as semiconductor chips, wherein the packaging materials may provide electrostatic dissipation which would thereby protect the chips from damage. It is yet further contemplated that the composition of the present invention may be useful to improve the barrier properties for polyethylene and to modify polyethylene as a tie layer in multilayer films. It is further contemplated that the composition of the present invention may be useful as an additive as polypropylene based reinforcement fibers for concrete.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The blend of polypropylene with the reaction product of maleated polypropylene and polyether amine shows improved paintability, improved impact resistance, and excellent mold flowability over blends of polypropylene and maleated polypropylene.

Plastics are increasingly being employed in the production of motor vehicles. Impact-modified PP has proved to be particularly suitable for applications such as bumpers, spoilers, fenders, side bump strips and the like. Therefore, a thermoplastic resin blend having the improved properties of the instant invention has significant potential commercial usefulness.

These resin compositions, according to the present invention, are useful as engineering plastics which are materials for structural members in the fields of transport machines (automobiles, ships and the like), apparatus, tools, electronic appliances, electric appliances, sporting goods, leisure goods and the like; and for connectors, tubes and the like.

Suitable polypropylenes are known from polymer chemistry, are described for example in Kunststoff-Handbuch, volume IV, Polyolefins, edited by R. Vieweg, A. Schley and A. Schwarz. Carol Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1969, and are commercially available, so that no details need be given.

Functionalized PP is PP onto which a monomer has been grafted. The usual method of such grafting is by free radical reaction. In the practice of this invention, the maleated polypropylene is not a copolymer of maleic anhydride or equivalent thereof, and propylene, such that the maleic anhydride moiety is predominantly in the backbone of the copolymer. Suitable monomers for preparing functionalized polypropylene are, for example, olefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and the corresponding tert-butyl esters, e.g., tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., fumaric acid, maleic acid, and itaconic acid and the corresponding mono-and/or di-tert-butyl esters, e.g., mono- or di-tert-butyl fumarate and mono- or di-tert-butyl maleate, olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., maleic anhydride, sulfo- or sulfonyl-containing olefinically unsaturated monomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., p-styrenesulfonic acid, 2-(meth)acrylamide-2-methylpropenesulfonic acid or 2-sulfonyl(meth)acrylate, oxazolinyl-containing olefinically unsaturated monomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., vinyloxazolines and vinyloxazoline derivatives, and epoxy-containing olefinically unsaturated monomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., glycidyl (meth)acrylate or allyl glycidyl ether. The most preferred monomer for preparing functionalized polypropylene is maleic anhydride.

The functionalized polypropylene used in the practice of this invention may have a wide variety of number average molecular weights. When the functionalized polypropylene is used to make paintable articles, such as automotive body parts, the functionalized polypropylene preferably has a number average molecular weight greater than about 3,000 and preferably less than about 20,000, more preferably less than about 10,000. A representative example of a maleated polypropylene that is currently commercially available is under the name EPOLENE E-43, available from Eastman Chemical. Such relatively low molecular weight functionalized polypropylenes, when reacted with polyetheramines in accordance with the practice of this invention, appears to render the resulting extruded compositions more readily paintable. In other applications wherein the functionalized polypropylene is employed, such as when a glass filler is added to increase stiffness and strength, a higher average number molecular weight greater than about 40,000 and less than about 60,000 may be employed. Generally, glass filler and polypropylene are not miscible, and their combination commonly leads to voids in the resulting compositions. The relatively higher molecular weight materials "wet" the glass to make the glass filler particles and polypropylene more combinable to thereby decrease the amount of voids in the resulting compositions.

Suitable anhydride functionalized polypropylene include the following structures: ##STR1## wherein PP is polypropylene. In these structures, it should be appreciated that the polypropylene can be bonded to one or two monomers when the polypropylene is linear, while more than two monomers might be included when the propylene is branched. Typically, one or two monomers are present.

Suitable polyetheramines include monamines, diamines and triamines, having a molecular weight of from about 150 to about 12,000. Preferred polyetheramines have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 3,000. Suitable monamines, shown in the Glossary, include JEFFAMINE M-1000, JEFFAMINE M-2070, and JEFFAMINE M-2005. Suitable diamines include JEFFAMINE ED-6000, JEFFAMINE ED-4000, JEFFAMINE ED-2001, JEFFAMINE D-2000, JEFFAMINE D-4000, JEFFAMINE ED-900, JEFFAMINE ED-600, and JEFFAMINE D-400. Suitable triamines include JEFFAMINE ET-3000, JEFFAMINE T-3000 and JEFFAMINE T-5000. Preferred polyetheramines include JEFFAMINE M-2070 and JEFFAMINE ED-2001. More preferred polyetheramines of the present invention have a molecular weight in the range from about 1500 to about 2000. In the practice of this invention, monoamines and diamines are preferred. Suitable polyether blocks for the polyetheramine include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, poly(1,2-butylene glycol), and poly(tetramethylene glycol). The glycols can be aminated using well known methods to produce the polyetheramines. Generally, the glycols are prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combination thereof using well known methods such as by a methoxy or hydroxy initiated reaction. When both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are used, the oxides can be reacted simultaneously when a random polyether is desired, or reacted sequentially when a block polyether is desired.

An especially preferred polyetheramine is a polyether monoamine which contains from about 36 to about 44 ethylene oxide units and from about 1 to about 6 propylene oxide units. In one embodiment, such polyether monoamines have a molecular weight of about 2000 to about 2200. In another embodiment, the polyether monoamine contains about 40 to about 43 ethylene oxide units and from about 2.4 to about 3 propylene oxide units. Certain polyether monoamines are of formula: ##STR2## wherein m is about 36 to about 44 and wherein n is about 1 to about 6, including polyether monoamines wherein m is about 40 to about 43 and n is about 2.4 to about 3, as well as compounds of the formula having a molecular weight of about 2000 to about 2200.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyetheramines are prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combinations thereof. Generally, when the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combinations thereof, the amount of ethylene oxide on a molar basis is greater than about 50 percent of the polyetheramine, preferably greater than about 75 percent and more preferably greater than about 90 percent. In one embodiment of this invention, polyols and amines including polyalkylene polyamines and alkanol amines or any amine that is not a polyetheramine as disclosed herein may be absent from the composition. Similarly, functional groups other than ether linkages and amine groups may be absent from the polyetheramine. The polyether amines used in the practice of this invention can be prepared using well known amination techniques such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,654,370; U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,353; U.S. Pat. No. 4,618,717; U.S. Pat. No. 4,766,245; U.S. Pat. No. 4,960,942; U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,761; U.S. Pat. No. 5,003,107; U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,835; U.S. Pat. No. 5,422,042; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,457,147. Generally, the polyether amines are made by aminating a polyol, such as a polyether polyol with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst such as a nickel containing catalyst such as a Ni/Cu/Cr catalyst.

The mixing of the functionalized PP and polyetheramine and optionally also PP may be carried out in a customary mixing apparatus including batch mixers, continuous mixers, kneaders, and extruders. For most applications, the preferred mixing apparatus is an extruder.

Besides the PP/functionalized-PP/polyetheramine structural components according to the invention, the resin composition may, to improve the impact strength, contain impact modifiers, advantageously impact-modifying elastomers. Impact-modifying elastomers for the instant invention are known to a skilled worker. Examples are rubbers based on ethylene, propylene, butadiene, and acrylates, e.g. methacrylates, or mixtures thereof. Other examples include EP and EPDM rubbers, with EP rubber (ethylene propylene rubber) being preferred in applications where automotive body parts are being prepared. A representative example of a currently commercially available EP rubber is sold under the name VISTALON 878 by Exxon Chemical.

Suitable impact-modifying elastomers are described for example in Methoden der organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl), volume XIV/1, Makromolekulare Chemie (Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961), pages 390 to 406, and in the monograph by C. B. Bucknal, Toughened Plastics (Applied Publishers, London, 1977).

A composition containing polypropylene and elastomers, such as EP rubber, is commonly referred to as a "TPO," which stands for thermoplastic polyolefin. TPO's are commonly used in the manufacture of molded automotive body parts, such as bumper fascias. Such molded parts may also contain other components such as fillers, as described hereinbelow. TPO-based compositions can be prepared in the same manner as for non-elastomer-containing compositions. TPO's are commonly sold in compounded or reactor grades. Representative examples of TPO which are currently available commercially are described below in the paragraphs preceding Examples 18-29.

It is contemplated that the polyetheramine and functionalized polypropylene, and optionally a small amount of PP or TPO, can be reacted to form a reaction product concentrate and, later, the reaction product concentrate can be blended with polypropylene or TPO. In this aspect of the invention, the polyetheramine comprises from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the concentrate. When the reaction product of polyether amine and maleated PP is prepared neat, the reaction product can be blended or compounded with polypropylene or TPO and any other components of the desired composition to the desired levels using a mixing apparatus such as an extruder. It should be understood that PP may be commonly used to dilute the reaction. Depending on the type of mixer, the reaction product, polypropylene and any other components can be thoroughly mixed as solids prior to introducing the admixture in the mixing apparatus. Alternatively, mixers are available which will mix the components during operation. In either case, during operation of the mixer, the components are heated to melt the solids, with the melted components being thereafter mixed to form the final composition.

In addition to the structural components of PP, functionalized-PP, and polyetheramine and any impact modifier contained in a resin composition according to the instant invention, the resin may also contain reinforcing agents and/or additives. The reinforcing agents used may be reinforcing fillers, for example, carbon or carbon fibers; clay, chalk, talc, and mica to control shrinkage and control coefficient of thermal expansion; glass (beads or fibers) to increase stiffness. Further, the fillers may be finished with adhesion promoters and/or sizing agents. In addition, phosphite or hindered phenol or both can be added as a stabilizer (as a free radical scavenger).

When compositions include a glass filler, the composition can contain up to about 40% glass filler if highly stiff compositions are desired. More typically, from about 2% to about 10% glass filler in the composition is employed. Advantageously, the compositions of the present invention that contain glass filler generally are substantially free of voids that typically develop in compositions containing polypropylene and glass. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the reaction product of polyether amine and maleated polypropylene serves to "wet" the glass to thereby make the glass and polypropylene more combinable (more miscible). In this aspect of the invention, it is preferred to employ maleated polypropylene having an average molecular weight of about 40,000 to about 60,000, as is described hereinabove.

The preferred functionalized polypropylene is a maleated polypropylene having the following structure: ##STR3## wherein PP is polypropylene.

The preferred polyetheramines are monoamines and diamines. The preferred monoamines as well as the preferred triamines have a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 4000. The preferred diamines have a molecular weight of from about 148 to about 6000. More preferred monoamines and diamines have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 3,000.

The preferred reaction product between the preferred functionalized polypropylene, maleated polypropylene, and the preferred polyetheramine has the following formula: ##STR4## wherein a is from about 5 to 50,000, for b:c from about 0:100 to 100:0, x is from about 1 to 3, and R is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having a functionality of x (i.e., if x is 2, R is a divalent), the alkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Suitable thermoplastic resin compositions may contain from about 66 to about 80 wt % PP, from about 20 to about 30 wt % maleated PP and from about 2 to about 10 wt % polyetheramine. When the compositions include elastomers, such as in TPO-based compositions used to make automotive body parts, the compositions generally comprise from about 5 to about 40 wt % maleated PP, from about 2 to about 10 wt % polyetheramine and from about 50 to about 93 wt % PP, such percentages based on the weights of these components of the composition. Preferred compositions that include elastomers comprise about 15 to about 30 wt % maleated PP, from about 2 to about 8 wt % polyetheramine and from about 62 to about 83 wt % PP.

The preferred customary mixing apparatus is an extruder in which the polyetheramine is grafted onto the maleated polypropylene at from about 175 to 300° C. in the course of a residence time of from about 25 to 300 seconds. For typical compositions of this invention, degradation begins to occur above this temperature range and below this range the compositions generally do not melt. Polypropylene is a non-reactive component of the mixing blend. The preferred temperature range is from about 190 to 260° C.

Molded articles prepared from compositions according to the present invention are generally directly paintable. Representative examples of paints commonly employed for this purpose include urethane-based and melamine-based paints. Such paints may be applied using conventional techniques. Advantageously, compositions of the present invention may be painted directly without chlorine pretreatment and optionally without primer, though a primer may be used.

In the examples, continuous compounding was carried out in a Werner & Pfleiderer 30 mm twin screw extruder (ZSK30), having a nine barrel configuration, three kneading zones and one vent section, in which the feed sequence was a combined feed in which all the components fed at the same location (hopper of the extruder).

The following examples which illustrate the nature of the instant invention are not intended to be limitative. In the examples, a stoichiometric excess of maleic functionality on the maleated polypropylene is used relative to the amount of amine functionality on the polyetheramine.

EXAMPLES 1-6

Blends of PP, maleated PP (MAL-PP), and JEFFAMINE M2070 produced in an extruder exhibit characteristics in percent compositions as shown in Table 1 in which the remaining percent is PP:

                  TABLE 1     ______________________________________              Example              1     2       3       4     5    6     ______________________________________     % MAL-PP   20              30     % M2070    0       2       4     0     2    4     FM, psi    284K    255K    226K  289K  256K 201K     StY, psi   8660    7980    7030  8750  7830 6170     TE, %      8       16      10    4     13   5     TSt, psi   4990    4770    4280  5000  4630 3720     NI, ftlb/in                0.161   0.220   0.386 0.123 0.139                                                 0.220     UnI, ftlb/in                12      14      10    10    14   5     ______________________________________      where:      FM -- flexural modulus      StY -- stress at yield      TE -- Tensile elongation      TSt -- tensile strength      NI -- notched izod impact      UnI -- unnotched izod impact

EXAMPLES 7-10

Table 2 reveals the effects of JEFFAMINE M2070 (M) as compared to JEFFAMINE ED2001 (ED) in which either is blended with from about 76 to 78 wt % of PP, and from about 20 wt % of MAL-PP in an extruder.

                  TABLE 2     ______________________________________                Example                7      8        9        10     ______________________________________     J. Type      M        BD       M      BD     % JEFF.      2             4     FM, psi      255K     246K     226K   230K     StY, psi     7980     7730     7030   7140     TE, %        16       10       10     16     TSt, psi     4770     4560     4280   4420     NI, ftlb/in  14       15       10     18     UnI, ftlb/in 14       15       10     18     ______________________________________      where:      FM -- flexural modulus      StY -- stress at yield      TE -- Tensile elongation      TSt -- tensile strength      NI -- notched izod impact      UnI -- unnotched izod impact.

EXAMPLES 11-17

Table 3 reveals the percent paint adhesion of various compositions of PP, maleated PP, and the JEFFAMINES indicated relative to a control sample wherein the blends were produced in an extruder.

                  TABLE 3     ______________________________________     Ex-                                Paint     am-                                Ad-     ple  PP     MAL-PP   % J. Type     hesion                                              Control     ______________________________________     11   76%    20%      4% JEFFAMINE M1000                                        62%   2%     12   76%    20%      4% JEFFAMINE BD-6000                                        28%   4%     13   74%    20%      6% JEFFAMINE ED-6000                                        46%   4%     14   74%    20%      6% JEFFAMINE ED-4000                                        40%   4%     15   74%    20%      6% JEFFAMINE M-2070                                        77%   21%     16   72%    20%      8% JEFFAMINE M-2070                                        40%   21%     17   72%    20%      8% JEFFAMINE M-2001                                        68%   21%     ______________________________________

In the following Examples 18-29, there are shown modified TPO-based (thermoplastic olefin-based) compositions including polyether amines of the present invention (in Tables 18A, 19A, 20A, 21A, 22A, 23A, 24A, 25A, 26A, and 27A), the physical properties of the compositions (in Tables 18B, 19B, 20B, 21B, 22B, 23B, 24B, 25B, 26B, and 27B) and the paint adhesion of the compositions (in Tables 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C, 23C, 24C, 25C, 26C, and 27C). In the Tables shown in Examples 18-29, the following phrases have the indicated meanings:

"HIMONT CA53A" is a reactor grade TPO containing polypropylene ("PP") and ethylene propylene rubber ("EP rubber") obtained from Himont, which may be described as having medium melt flow.

"Phenol" is ETHANOX 330 which is a hindered phenol stabilizer obtained from Albemarle.

"EPOLENE E-43" is a maleated PP obtained from Eastman Chemical, having about 4 wt % maleation as determined from proton nmr.

"HIMONT LB150161" is a reactor grade TPO having a high melt flow.

"AMOCO 1016" is a PP having a melt flow rate at 230° C. of about 5 g/min. as indicated by the supplier, Amoco Chemical.

"DEXFLEX D-161" is a compounded TPO of PP and EP rubber which is described as having medium melt flow by the supplier, D&S Plastics International.

"NICHIBAN" refers to the tradename of a tape obtained from a Japanese company.

"STAMYLAN P" is an impact EP copolymer containing 5-10% ethylene in the backbone obtained from DSM having a melt flow at 230° C./2.16 Kg using an 150 R1133 procedure of 4.7 dg/min. as reported by the supplier, Dutch State Mines ("DSM").

"KELTAN TP-0552-2" is a TPO having a melt flow at 230° C./2.16 Kg using an ISO R1133 procedure of 6.5 dg/min. as reported by the supplier, DSM.

"VISTALON 878" is an EP rubber available from Exxon Chemical.

"W/IPA" means with isopropanol wipe prior to painting and "W/O IPA" means without isopropanol wipe painting.

In Examples 18-29, the sample compositions were injection molded to prepare type I tensile bars, which were used in the adhesion tests. The following procedures were used in these examples.

A hand mixed blend of polypropylene, maleated polypropylene, polyether amine and an antioxidant is produced and added to the feed hopper. The extruder heater bands are set to the following profile: feed throat 200° C., 220° C., 220° C., 220° C., 220° C., 220° C. die face.

The blend is fed into the feed throat of a Werner Pfleiderer ZSK30 twin screw extruder. The compounded product is cooled in a water bath and pelletized.

Test specimens were injection molded using an ENGEL 55 ton injection molding machine using the following conditions:

Heating Zones:

    ______________________________________             Next to     Nozzle  Nozzle       Feed Zone                                   Feed Zone     ______________________________________     199° C.             196° C.                          196° C.                                   196° C.     ______________________________________

Mold Temperature 27° C.

Physical test specimens were allowed to equilibrate at 24° C. and at 50% relative humidity for 48 hours. Tensile measurements were made according to ASTM D638 on an INSTRON frame using a crosshead speed of 10 cm/min. Flexural properties were measured according to ASTM D790 using a crosshead speed of 1.25 cm/min. Izod impact properties were measured according to ASTM D256.

Dynamical mechanical spectrometry (DMS) was performed using a RHEOMETRICS RDS-II. Injection molded bars measuring 12 mm×50 mm×3 mm were tested in rectangular torsion mode at 1 Hz. Strains imposed upon the samples were typically between 0.05% and 0.2%. Measurements were shown to be strain insensitive over the region investigated. The storage and the loss moduli as well as tan delta were measuring from -120° C. up through the melting of the samples, using a heating rate of 2° C./min. in a nitrogen atmosphere. Samples were tested after conditioning at 24° C. and 50% relative humidity for 24 hours.

Paint adhesion testing involved painting four inch injection molded discs with a white, two component urethane automotive paint supplied by RED SPOT PAINTS. The paint is applied with a high volume, low pressure BINKS spray gun. The painted disks are based for 30 minutes at 80° C. The specimens are conditioned 24 hours and then tested using a crosshatch/tape adhesion test where a multibladed scribe is used to generate 100 squares (approximately 2 mm×2 mm per square) on the disks. A piece of tape (Scotch Brand 2040, 3M) is then applied over the squares and then the tape is pulled from the disk. The percentages denoted in the tables reflect the number of painted squares remaining after pulling the tape from the disk.

EXAMPLE 18

                  TABLE 18A     ______________________________________                             JEFFAMINE ®     Sample           TPO.sup.1                   MAL-PP.sup.2                             M-2070    Phenol  PP     ______________________________________     1     99.7%   --        --        0.3%     2     84.7%   --        --        0.3%    15%     3     79.7%             --        0.3%    20%     4     84.7%   15%       --        0.3%     5     79.7%   20%       --        0.3%     6     80.7%   15%       4%        0.3%     7     78.7%   15%       6%        0.3%     8     75.7%   20%       4%        0.3%     9     73.7%   20%       6%        0.3%     10    71.7%   20%       8%        0.3%     11    80.7%   15%       4%        0.3%     12    78.7%   15%       6%        0.3%     13    75.7%   20%       4%        0.3%     14    73.7%   20%       6%        0.3%     15    71.7%   20%       8%        0.3%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A      .sup.2 EPOLENE E43

                  TABLE 18B     ______________________________________                    1       2      3     4    5     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                    578     725    736   686  741     Stress at Yield, MPa                    19.1    23.3   24.1  22.6 24.4     Tensile Elongation, %                    667     666    622   559  417     Tensile Strength, MPa                    16.2    18.9   18.8  16.1 16.7     Young's Modulus, MPa                    338     432    453   423  452     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                    554     493    382   100  72.9     -30° C., J/m                    55.0    49.4   43.3  44.3 34.0     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                    839     1025   931   924  997     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m  1430    1624   1652  1556 1485     Total E, J     21.6    23.7   25.6  23.1 16.0     DSC     Tm, ° C.                    156     156    158   153  164     Delta H, J/g   61.8    63.5   72.0  9.7  78.2     Tc, ° C.                    98.9    103    104   102  109     Delta H, J/g   69.5    79.1   80.8  74.8 81.6     ______________________________________                    6       7      8     9    10     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                    643     560     Stress at Yield, MPa                    21.1    17.3     Tensile Elongation, %                    296     53     Tensile Strength, MPa                    15.3    13.2     Young's Modulus, MPa                    390     364     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                    154     363     -30° C., J/m                    33.2    33.7     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                    828     651     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m  1406    1064   1247  1043 905     Total E, J     19.1    11.4   15.9  11.0 9.59     DSC     Tm, ° C.                    152            151   150  150     Delta H, J/g   61.6           62.4  63.7 63.3     Tc, ° C.                    101            102   103  103     Delta H, J/g   73.7           73.3  73.2 72.8     ______________________________________                    11      12     13    14   15     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                    586     572    579   596  648     Stress at Yield, MPa                    18.2    17.4   18.5  18.8 19.8     Tensile Elongation, %                    666     666    666   666  666     Tensile Strength, MPa                    14.8    14.9   13.3  13.7 14.7     Young's Modulus, MPa                    348     322    323   342  342     Hardness Shore D                    57      56     57    57   56     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                    563     574    116   184  565     -30° C., J/m                    40.9    34.9   34.4  27.0 29.0     Unotched Izod Impact, J/m                    840     780    847   772  756     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m  1541    1523   1505  1557 1539     Total E, J     22.8    23.0   20.7  21.9 23.0     ______________________________________

                  TABLE 18Ci     ______________________________________     ADHESION TEST     % Adhesion        % Adhesion     SAM-                        SAM-              Test     PLE   Test 1  Test 2  Test 3                                 PLE   Test 1                                             Test 2                                                   3     ______________________________________     PP    0       0             PP    0     2     1     0       2             1     0     0     2     19      32            2     0     1     3     5       1             3     1     5     4     49      23      36    4     0     0     5     61      57      59    5     0     0     6     80      99      90    6     65    52    58     7     100     78      89    7     26    5     16     8     77      62      70    8     43    30    36     9     91      90      90    9     90    98    94     10    93      98      96    10    82    91    6                                 11    80    94    87     ______________________________________

                  TABLE 18Cii     ______________________________________     CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                    S1            (SAMPLE)                    W/IPA     ______________________________________            6       100%            7       100%            9       100%            10       96%            11      100%            14      100%     ______________________________________

                  TABLE 18Ciii     ______________________________________     CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                    S1       S2     (SAMPLE)       W/O IPA  W/O IPA     ______________________________________     11             97       100     12             0        4     13             82       88     14             95       98     15             7        9     ______________________________________

EXAMPLE 19

                  TABLE 19A     ______________________________________                                JEFFAMINE ®     Sample  TPO.sup.1                     MAL-PP.sup.2                                M-2070    Phenol     ______________________________________     1       99.7%   --         --        0.3%     2       84.7%   15%        --        0.3%     3       79.7%   20%        --        0.3%     4       69.7%   30%        --        0.3%     5       80.7%   15%        4%        0.3%     6       78.7%   15%        6%        0.3%     7       75.7%   20%        4%        0.3%     8       73.7%   20%        6%        0.3%     9       71.7%   20%        8%        0.3%     10      65.7%   30%        4%        0.3%     11      63.7%   30%        6%        0.3%     12      61.7%   30%        8%        0.3%     13      80.7%   15%        4%        0.3%     14      78.7%   15%        6%        0.3%     15      75.7%   20%        4%        0.3%     16      73.7%   20%        6%        0.3%     17      71.7%   20%        8%        0.3%     18      65.7%   30%        4%        0.3%     19      63.7%   30%        6%        0.3%     20      61.7%   30%        8%        0.3%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A      .sup.2 EPOLENE E43

                  TABLE 19B     ______________________________________                    1       2      3     4    5     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                    1234    1314   1329  1379 1351     Stress at Yield, MPa                    39.1    41.6   42.5  43.9 39.9     Tensile Elongation, %                    186     59     18    10   159     Tensile Strength, MPa                    25.3    25.9   26.4  26.5 25.1     Young's Modulus, MPa                    694     732    789   809  715     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                    69.3    47.0   43.3  25.2 57.2     -30° C., J/m                    33.5    19.1   17.7  16.5 18.8     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                    1413    1095   965   694  945     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m  2096    2148   1010  344  1137     Total E, J     30.9    29.8   4.69  1.46 5.70     DSC     Tm, °C. 166     165          164  165     Delta H, J/g   86.6    85.8         95.2 94.2     Tc, °C. 109     109          110  109     Delta H, J/g   106     105          104  99.3     ______________________________________                    6      7      8    9    10   11     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                    1128   1253   1108 1017 1280 1186     Stress at Yield, MPa                    31.6   37     28.4 23   35.4 31.4     Tensile Elongation, %                    11     19     8.8  8.3  8.3  6.9     Tensile Strength, MPa                    20.8   24.1   20   17.6 22.8 20.4     Young's Modulus, MPa                    661    708    677  624  742  701     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                    72.5   50.4   47.1 42.2 26.6 17.7     -30° C., J/m                    15.2   11.7   10.2 9.5  7.5  6.6     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                    262    475    178  172  241  191     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m  630    356    329  368  219  220     Total E, J     3.53   1.63   2.66 2.37 1.2  1.23     DSC     Tm, °C. 165    165    166  164  164  164     Delta H, J/g   93.9   97.3   95.7 91.4 97.7 93.5     Tc, °C. 109    109    110  109  110  108     Delta H, J/g   98     101    7.1  96   101  97.3     ______________________________________

                  TABLE 19C     ______________________________________     ADHESION TEST     % Adhesion        % Adhesion     SAM-                        SAM-              Test     PLE   Test 1  Test 2  Test 3                                 PLE   Test 1                                             Test 2                                                   3     ______________________________________     PP    0       0             PP    0     2     1     0       2             1     0     0     2     19      32            2     0     1     3     5       1             3     1     5     4     49      23      36    4     0     0     5     61      57                  0     0     6     80      99      90    6     65    52    58     7     100     78      89    7     26    5     16     8     77      62      70    8     43    30    36     9     91      90      90    9     90    98    94     10    93      98      96    10    82    91    6                                 11    80    94    87     13    0%      0%      13    0%    0%     14    0%      0%      14    0%    6%     15    1%      0%      15    20%   1%     16    0%      11%     16    4%    36%     17    0%      0%      17    0%    3%     18    28%     17%     18    23%   26%     19    22%     13%     19    13%   11%     20    89%     62%     20    27%   21%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 Control

EXAMPLE 20

                  TABLE 20A     ______________________________________                            JEFFAMINE ®                                      EP     Sample           PP.sup.1                   MAL-PP.sup.2                            M-2070    RUBBER.sup.3                                              Phenol     ______________________________________     1     74.7%   5%       --        20%     2     69.7%   10%      --        20%     0.3%     3     59.7%   15%      --        25%     0.3%     4     70.7%   5%       4%        20%     0.3%     5     68.7%   5%       6%        20%     0.3%     6     66.7%   5%       8%        20%     0.3%     7     65.7%   10%      4%        20%     0.3%     8     63.7%   10%      6%        20%     0.3%     9     61.7%   10%      8%        20%     0.3%     10    55.7%   15%      4%        25%     0.3%     11    53.7%   15%      6%        25%     0.3%     12    51.7%   15%      8%        25%     0.3%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 AMOCO 1016      .sup.2 EPOLENE E43      .sup.3 VISTALON

                  TABLE 20B     ______________________________________                      1       2       3     4     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                      1342    1411    1333  1359     Stress at Yield, MPa                      38.6    46.2    36.5  36.4     Tensile Elongation, %                      168     140     173   451     Tensile Strength, MPa                      25.2    25.4    22.7  22.5     Young's Modulus, MPa                      731     750     699   671     Hardness, Shore D                      66      69      64    67     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                      108     59      107   338     -30° C., J/m                      17.6    16.6    18.0  23.1     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                      1106    1199    1311  1252     Falling Dart Impact     Maximum Load, J/m                      2045    2035    1826  1879     -30° C., J/m                      3417    3351    3122  2888     Total Energy, J  30.0    29.2    26.2  25.9     -30° C., J                      41.9    34.6    39.4  22.2     ______________________________________                      5       6       7     8     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                      1070    1029    1168  1064     Stress at Yield, MPa                      29.6    28.0    31.6  28.3     Tensile Elongation, %                      125     106     188   119     Tensile Strength, MPa                      19.1    18.1    19.9  18.2     Young's Modulus, MPa                      575     552     595   555     Hardness, Shore D                      63      61      64    63     Notched Izod impact, J/m                      361     444     273   286     -30° C., J/m                      28.4    43.8    19.2  18.4     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                      867     816     874   785     Falling Dart Impact     Maximum Load, J/m                      1710    1495    1858  1338     -30° C., J/m                      920     595     2101  385     Total Energy, J  18.5    14.8    22.8  13.5     -30° C., J                      30.5    2.19    12.4  1.58     ______________________________________                      9       10      11    12     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                      1006    1078    968   915     Stress at Yield, MPa                      26.4    28.8    26.4  24.0     Tensile Elongation, %                      122     196     184   40     Tensile Strength, MPa                      17.1    18.2    17.2  15.6     Young's Modulus, MPa                      523     553     527   500     Hardness, Shore D                      61      62      61    60     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                      256     277     240   127     -30° C., J/m                      24.0    25.0    26.4  13.8     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                      729     904     860   782     Falling Dart Impact     Maximum Load, J/m                      1024    1606    1317  1110     -30° C., J/m                      339     1021    500   561     Total Energy, J  9.2     18.9    13.5  9.9     -30° C., J                      1.74    4.31    2.50  2.69     ______________________________________

                  TABLE 20C     ______________________________________     CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST               S1      S2        S1     S2     SAMPLE    W/IPA   W/IPA     W/O IPA                                        W/O IPA     ______________________________________     1         19%     20%       0%     2%     2         19%     44%       11%    13%     3         50%     89%       99%    100%     4         40%     59%       37%    52%     5         29%     55%       5%     33%     6         92%     100%      4%     39%     7         82%     89%       28%    32%     8         95%     100%      68%    100%     9         97%     78%       70%    75%     10        83%     100%      99%    100%     11        99%     100%      82%    96%     12        92%     100%      100%   100%     ______________________________________

EXAMPLE 21

                  TABLE 21A     ______________________________________                                JEFFAMINE ®     Sample  TPO.sup.1                     MAL-PP.sup.2                                M-2070    Phenol     ______________________________________     1       100%    --         --        0.3%     2       90%     10%        --        0.3%     3       85%     15%        --        0.3%     4       80%     20%        --        --     5       85.8%   10%        4%        0.2%     6       83.8%   10%        6%        0.2%     7       80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%     8       78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%     9       75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%     10      73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%     11      80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%     12      78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%     13      75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%     14      73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 DEXFLEX D161      .sup.2 EPOLENE E43

                  TABLE 21B     ______________________________________                    1       2      3     4    5     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                    944     985    1050  1101 857     Stress at Yield, MPa                    25.1    27.4   29.3  30.7 239     Tensile Elongation, %                    506     186    116   78   466     Tensile Strength, MPa                    17.8    18.7   19.5  20.1 16.8     Young's Modulus, MPa                    551     581    629   654  491     Hardness Shore D                    63      65     67    68   63     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                    576     343    84    54   475     -30° C., J/m                    35.9    31.5   25.1  16.9 33.6     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                    1027    965    1174  1666 944     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m  1669    1678   1703  1721 1509     -30° C., J/m                    2980    3140   3094  2880 2397     Total E, J     24.1    22.8   22.7  21.8 21.9     -30° C., J                    36.9    38.0   29.7  17.0 28.8     ______________________________________                    6       7      8     9    10     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                    748     832    745   788  804     Stress at Yield, MPa                    20.8    23.0   20.4  22.6 22.4     Tensile Elongation, %                    71      100    31    26   18     Tensile Strength, MPa                    14.7    16.1   14.5  16.3 15.0     Young's Modulus, MPa                    445     486    451   492  460     Hardness Shore D                    61      64     451   61   60     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                    331     252    60    74   56     -30° C., J/m                    37.8    22.2   144   17.2 18.3     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                    736     737    22.7  419  310     Falling Dart Impact422     Max Load, J/m  1340    1408   1047  1047 704     -30° C., J/m                    550     422    356   411  339     Total E, J     15.1    15.7   9.0   7.4  5.1     -30° C., J                    1.31    0.82   0.62  0.70 0.53     ______________________________________                     11      12       13    14     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                     892     802      945   874     Stress at Yield, MPa                     26.2    23.7     27.1  25.4     Tensile Elongation, %                     221     511      187   370     Tensile Strength, MPa                     18.1    16.8     18.3  17.4     Young's Modulus, MPa                     525     467      539   495     Hardness Shore D                     63      63       64    61     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                     159     511      99    118     -30° C., J/m                     26.6    25.9     20.6  18.7     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                     1020    934      1174  913     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m   1610    1603     1591  1618     -30° C., J/m                     2655    1541     1517  1259     Total E, J      22.4    23.6     19.1  19.5     -30° C., J                     20.8    5.45     6.24  4.88     ______________________________________

                  TABLE 21C     ______________________________________     CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST               S1      S2        S1     S2     (SAMPLE)  W/IPA   W/IPA     W/O IPA                                        W/O IPA     ______________________________________     PP.sup.1  0.00    0.00      0.00     1         3       18        78     27     2         63      63        94     48     3         79      59        62     100     4         0.00    14        87     83     5         100     100       100    100     6         100     100       100    100     7         100     100       99     100     8         100     100       97     100     9         100     100       100    100     10        100     100       100    100     11        67      67        94     88     12        62      62        10     22     13        100     100       100    100     14        100     100       100    100     ______________________________________      .sup.1 Control.

EXAMPLE 22

                  TABLE 22A     ______________________________________                                JEFFAMINE ®     Sample  TPO.sup.1                     MAL-PP.sup.2                                M-2070    Phenol     ______________________________________     1       100%    --         --        --     2       90%     10%        --        --     3       85%     15%        --        --     4       80%     20%        --        --     5       85.8%   10%        4%        0.2%     6       83.8%   10%        6%        0.2%     7       80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%     8       78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%     9       75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%     10      73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%     11      80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%     12      78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%     13      75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%     14      73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 STAMYLAN P      .sup.2 EPOLENE E43

                  TABLE 22B     ______________________________________                 1      2      3    4    5    6    7     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus,                 1053   1123   1185 1259 1100 1025 1040     MPa     Stress at Yield, MPa                 32.3   35.3   36.5 38.9 32.7 30.0 31.0     Tensile Elongation, %                 453    173    141  36   168  30   22     Tensile Strength, MPa                 21.2   22.7   23.1 23.7 21.5 19.9 20.3     Young's Modulus,                 568    647    665  696  581  571  592     MPa     Notched Izod Impact,                 716    607    159  118  519  482  219     J/m     -30° C., J/m                 77.4   43.5   34.7 23.5 37.0 47.8 33.5     Unnotched Izod                 1075   1246   1078 1124 911  853  629     Impact, J/m     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                 1987   2002   2013 2052 1853 1614 1632     -30° C., J/m                 3562   3721   2804 1154 1464 461  503     Total Energy, J                 31.4   31.1   30.0 28.8 25.9 17.4 18.1     -30° C., J                 45.2   42.7   17.2 3.6  5.3  0.9  1.0     ______________________________________                 8      9      10   11   12   13   14     ______________________________________     Flexural Modulus,                 995    1062   999  1107 1083 1131 1076     MPa     Stress at Yield, MPa                 26.9   30.8   28.4 33.9 32.2 34.0 32.5     Tensile Elongation, %                 14     15     11   218  483  80   230     Tensile Strength, MPa                 18.3   19.9   18.5 21.4 20.1 21.7 20.8     Young's Modulus,                 542    582    560  587  517  619  582     MPa     Notched Izod                 238    109    104  495  563  145  157     Impact, J/m     -30° C., J/m                 34.6   24.2   22.7 27.1 39.8 28.5 26.8     Unnotched Izod                 514    464    336  1029 1008 1004 863     Impact, J/m     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                 1301   1003   1021 2017 2002 941  1878     -30° C., J/m                 460    455         3633 1244 1140 1193     Total Energy, J                 11.0   8.3    6.3  30.2 29.5 7.9  26.4     -30° C., J                 0.7    0.7         26.8 3.6  3.2  3.5     ______________________________________

                  TABLE 22C     ______________________________________     CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST     ______________________________________     DISC SAMPLE                S1      S2       S1      S2     TAPE       3M.sup.1                        3M       NICHIBAN                                         NICHIBAN     SAMPLE     W/IPA   W/IPA    W/O IPA W/O IPA     ______________________________________     1          6%      0%       0%      3%     2          1%      0%       14%     1%     3          1%      0%       7%      2%     4          0%      6%       1%      15%     5          45%     80%      83%     32%     6          96%     98%      96%     100%     7          88%     96%      82%     92%     8          89%     78%      74%     96%     9          94%     87%      100%    98%     10         99%     100%     100%    100%     11         3%      47%      20%     27%     12         7%      1%       2%      3%     13         38%     79%      35%     78%     14         85%     65%      100%    97%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040

    DISC SAMPLE                S1      S2       S1      S2     SAMPLE     W/IPA   W/IPA    W/O IPA W/O IPA     ______________________________________     1          4%      1%       5%      0%     2          0%      0%       7%      0%     3          4%      0%       4%      10%     4          9%      1%       17%     1%     5          26%     79%      57%     46%     6          95%     90%      93%     92%     7          95%     89%      94%     89%     8          83%     84%      97%     97%     9          85%     94%      98%     96%     10         96%     88%      99%     97%     11         83%     58%      90%     71%     12         0%      5%       8%      20%     13         86%     95%      74%     92%     14         97%     86%      92%     98%     15.sup.1   98%     98%      100%    100%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 Reactive extrusion product of 73% STAMYLAN P, 20% EPOLENE E43, 6%      JEFFAMINE ® M2070, and 0.2% Phenol.

EXAMPLE 23

                  TABLE 23A     ______________________________________                            JEFFAMINE ®                                      EP     Sample           PP.sup.1                   MAL-PP.sup.2                            M-2070    RUBBER.sup.3                                              Phenol     ______________________________________     1     69.7%   --       --        30%     0.3%     2     59.7%   10%      --        30%     0.3%     3     56.7%   13%      --        30%     0.3%     4     52.2%   17.5%    --        30%     0.3%     5     57.7%   10%      2%        30%     0.3%     6     55.7%   10%      4%        30%     0.3%     7     53.7%   10%      6%        30%     0.3%     8     54.7%   13%      2%        30%     0.3%     9     52.7%   13%      4%        30%     0.3%     10    50.7%   13%      6%        30%     0.3%     11    50.2%   17.5%    2%        30%     0.3%     12    48.2%   17.5%    4%        30%     0.3%     13    46.2%   17.5%    6%        30%     0.3%     14    57.7%   10%      2%        30%     0.3%     15    55.7%   10%      4%        30%     0.3%     16    53.7%   10%      6%        30%     0.3%     17    54.7%   13%      2%        30%     0.3%     18    52.7%   13%      4%        30%     0.3%     19    50.7%   13%      6%        30%     0.3%     20    50.2%   17.5%    2%        30%     0.3%     21    48.2%   17.5%    4%        30%     0.3%     22    46.2%   17.5%    6%        30%     0.3%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 AMOCO 1016      .sup.2 EPOLENE E43      .sup.3 VISTALON 878

                                      TABLE 23B     __________________________________________________________________________                  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus,                  1064                      1095                          1166                              1156                                  1062                                      843 741 959     MPa     Stress at Yield, MPa                  28.5                      29.7                          32.5                              31.3                                  27.4                                      22.8                                          20.1                                              25.7     Tensile Elongation,                  483 211 181 151 252 356 107 316     Tensile Strength,                  19.5                      19.7                          20.2                              19.2                                  18.1                                      15.2                                          13.7                                              16.6     MPa     Young's Modulus,                  583 608 608 611 551 456 412 487     MPa     Hardness, Shore D                  64  63  65  64  61  60  59  59     Notched Izod 576 436 252 161 510 449 450 427     Impact, J/m     -30° C., J/m                  58.4                      28.0                          22.2                              26.0                                  33.0                                      54.3                                          54.9                                              31.4     Unnotched Izod                  979 957 976 867 955 847 815 819     Impact, J/m     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  1711                      1760                          1710                              1607                                  1565                                      1431                                          1199                                              1514     -30° C., J/m                  3096                      3236                          3245                              3177                                  3014                                      1487                                          802 2962     Total Energy, J                  25.5                      29.2                          22.5                              20.6                                  27.3                                      18.1                                          14.2                                              20.0     -30° C., J                  39.1                      41.5                          42.6                              37.4                                  40.1                                      6.8 3.6 19.6     Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   5   5   5     -30° C./5                  5   5   5   3   5   0   0   0     __________________________________________________________________________                  9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus,                  798 746 863 792 709 991 964 907     MPa     Stress at Yield, MPa                  22.2                      20.3                          23.9                              21.8                                  19.5                                      26.8                                          25.4                                              23.6     Tensile Elongation, %                  157 65  252 94  33  498 494 656     Tensile Strength, MPa                  15.0                      13.7                          16.3                              14.9                                  13.6                                      18.1                                          17.3                                              17.5     Young's Modulus,                  437 387 476 436 408 503 479 437     MPa     Hardness, Shore D                  61  59  61  60  60  62  59  58     Notched Izod Impact,                  439 384 258 271 205 530 575 586     J/m     -30° C., J/m                  40.9                      31.0                          25.5                              28.6                                  29.8                                      49.8                                          33.9                                              56.1     Unnotched Izod                  818 679 712 778 665 1146                                          1108                                              1012     Impact, J/m     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  1370                      1224                          1452                              1258                                  1027                                      1649                                          1631                                              1554     -30° C., J/m                  1224                      718 1229                              580 487 3098                                          3096                                              3060     Total Energy, J                  16.1                      14.6                          18.6                              13.9                                  11.9                                      24.0                                          23.6                                              23.8     -30° C., J                  5.0 3.4 5.8 2.6 3.4 40.0                                          40.1                                              39.8     Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   5   5   5     -30° C./5                  0   0   0   0   0   5   5   5     __________________________________________________________________________                  17  18  19  20  21  22     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                  986 946 921 964 922 889     Stress at Yield, MPa                  27.2                      25.0                          23.5                              26.4                                  24.8                                      23.0     Tensile Elongation, %                  511 578 605 87  109 202     Tensile Strength, MPa                  1.67                      16.0                          15.7                              17.7                                  16.7                                      16.2     Young's Modulus, MPa                  456 439 404 518 477 475     Hardness, Shore D                  62  60  58  62  62  54     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                  463 549 594 209 357 551     -30° C., J/m                  27.7                      30.9                          34.1                              19.9                                  30.2                                      24.7     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                  996 922 804 899 1011                                      774     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  1541                      1602                          1534                              1484                                  1429                                      1418     -30° C., J/m                  3199                      3171                          3131                              2932                                  3215                                      3225     Total Energy, J                  20.9                      22.8                          22.2                              18.2                                  18.4                                      20.6     -30° C., J                  41.6                      41.9                          41.4                              24.4                                  40.6                                      41.8     Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   5     -30° C./5                  5   5   5   1   5   5     __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 23C     ______________________________________     CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                S1                S1     (SAMPLE)   W/IPA   S2        W/O IPA                                         S2     PP.sup.1   0%      W/IPA     0%     W/O IPA     ______________________________________      1          94%     72%       35%    1%      2          74%     57%       73%    45%      3          10%     25%       26%    36%      4          80%     62%       16%    24%      5          94%     97%       54%    94%      6          99%    100%       94%    97%      7         100%    100%      100%   100%      8         100%    100%      100%   100%      9         100%    100%      100%   100%     10         100%    100%      100%   100%     11         100%    100%       97%   100%     12         100%    100%      100%   100%     13          97%     95%       98%   100%     14          94%    100%       69%    79%     15          65%     59%       0%     0%     16          39%     52%       0%     0%     17         100%    100%       67%    71%     18          85%     88%       8%     2%     19          75%     43%       20%    3%     20         100%    100%       99%   100%     21         100%    100%       93%   100%     22          83%     78%       2%     2%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 Control

EXAMPLE 24

                  TABLE 24A     ______________________________________                                JEFFAMINE ®     Sample  TPO.sup.1                     MAL-PP.sup.2                                M-2070    Phenol     ______________________________________     1       100%    --         --        --     2        90%    10%        --        --     3        85%    15%        --        --     4        80%    20%        --        --     5        85.8%  10%        4%        0.2%     6        83.8%  10%        6%        0.2%     7        80.8%  15%        4%        0.2%     8        78.8%  15%        6%        0.2%     9        75.8%  20%        4%        0.2%     10       73.8%  20%        6%        0.2%     11       80.8%  15%        4%        0.2%     12       78.8%  15%        6%        0.2%     13       75.8%  20%        4%        0.2%     14       73.8%  20%        6%        0.2%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 KELTAN TP 05522      .sup.2 EPOLENE E43

                                      TABLE 24B     __________________________________________________________________________                  1   2   3   4   5   6   7     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                  915 971 1034                              1076                                  799 724 780     Stress at Yield, MPa                  23.1                      25.5                          27.6                              28.4                                  21.5                                      18.4                                          21.1     Tensile Elongation, %                  529 61  36  16  38  20  17     Tensile Strength, MPa                  15.6                      16.1                          16.6                              17.0                                  14.8                                      13.4                                          14.8     Young's Modulus, MPa                  504 534 570 588 459 432 461     Hardness, Shore D                  61  61  63  64  58  56  58     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                  669 551 160 111 486 402 413     -30° C., J/m                  700 101 71.3                              56.7                                  96.4                                      75.6                                          70.6     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                  944 877 942 937 810 706 805     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  1695                      1732                          1399                              1747                                  1522                                      1178                                          1453     -30° C., J/m                  2912                      3013                          3110                              2932                                  1389                                      529 839     Total Energy, J                  27.8                      26.9                          21.0                              22.2                                  19.0                                      14.4                                          17.8     -30° C., J                  40.5                      40.6                          29.9                              18.6                                  5.4 4.2 4.3     Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   5   5     -30° C./5                  5   5   1   0   0   0   0     __________________________________________________________________________                  8   9   10  11  12  13  14     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                  718 812 760 863 798 871 845     Stress at Yield, MPa                  19.0                      21.7                          19.9                              22.8                                  21.6                                      23.4                                          22.9     Tensile Elongation, %                  12  11  11  82  478 65  92     Tensile Strength, MPa                  13.7                      15.0                          13.9                              15.7                                  15.6                                      16.3                                          16.1     Young's Modulus, MPa                  441 487 462 473 463 486 478     Hardness, Shore D                  56  59  58  62  59  61  61     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                  438 128 200 519 620 147 166     -30° C., J/m                  42.3                      38.4                          29.1                              61.7                                  44.1                                      50.8                                          37.7     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                  570 574 374 850 855 905 828     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  1155                      1284                          924 1544                                  1579                                      1516                                          1544     -30° C., J/m                  454 545 487 2989                                  2300                                      2287                                          1526     Total Energy, J                  13.2                      10.7                          6.7 19.9                                  24.4                                      16.3                                          21.1     -30° C., J                  3.4 2.9 3.6 22.3                                  12.0                                      10.8                                          10.4     Ductile/5    5   0   0   5   5   0   5     -30° C./5                  0   0   0   0   0   0   0     __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 24C     ______________________________________     CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                S1                S1     (SAMPLE)   W/IPA   S2        W/O IPA                                         S2     PP.sup.1   0%      W/IPA     0%     W/O IPA     ______________________________________     1           96%     88%       86%    90%     2           72%     75%       53%    24%     3           69%     41%       43%    10%     4           41%     15%       40%    3%     5          100%    100%      100%   100%     6          100%    100%      100%   100%     7          100%    100%      100%   100%     8          100%    100%      100%   100%     9          100%    100%      100%   100%     10         100%    100%       99%   100%     11         100%    100%      100%   100%     12          98%    100%       78%    3%     13         100%     88%      100%   100%     14         100%    100%      100%   100%     15.sup.2   100%    100%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 Control      .sup.2 Reactive extrusion product of 73% STAMYLAN P, 20% EPOLENE E43, 6%      JEFFAMINE ® M2070, and 0.2% Phenol.

EXAMPLE 25

                  TABLE 25A     ______________________________________     Sample           PP.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2                             AMINE.sup.3                                    EP RUBBER.sup.4                                             Phenol     ______________________________________     1     74.7%     5%      --     20%      0.3%     2     69.7%    10%      --     20%      0.3%     3     59.7%    15%      --     25%      0.3%     4     70.7%     5%      4%     20%      0.3%     5     68.7%     5%      6%     20%      0.3%     6     66.7%     5%      8%     20%      0.3%     7     65.7%    10%      4%     20%      0.3%     8     63.7%    10%      6%     20%      0.3%     9     61.7%    10%      8%     20%      0.3%     10    55.7%    15%      4%     25%      0.3%     11    53.7%    15%      6%     25%      0.3%     12    51.7%    15%      8%     25%      0.3%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 AMOCO 1016      .sup.2 EPOLENE E43      .sup.3 A polyether monoamine containing 40 ethylene oxide units and 2.4      propylene oxide, units, generally of the formula shown in the Glossary fo      JEFFAMINE ® M2070      .sup.4 VISTALON 878

                                      TABLE 25B     __________________________________________________________________________                  1   2   3   4    5   6     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                  1233                      1218                          1134                              1197 1098                                       994     Stress at Yield, MPa                  35.1                      35.2                          31.7                              33.0 30.9                                       28.6     Tensile Elongation, %                  189 182 148 159  262 116     Tensile Strength, MPa                  23.7                      23.6                          21.3                              22.0 20.3                                       18.4     Young's Modulus, MPa                  642 648 612 618  580 527     Hardness, Shore D                  64  65  63  65   63  62     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                  128 82  100 282  451 470     -30° C., J/m                  15.2                      16.2                          17.2                              16.0 15.6                                       23.1     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                  1056                      1237                          1144                              1091 969 981     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  1915                      1848                          1728                              1788 1753                                       1408     -30° C., J/m                  3480                      3496                          3325                              2495 2191                                       479     Total Energy, J                  27.0                      25.2                          22.2                              22.9 22.5                                       14.2     -30° C., J                  43.5                      40.0                          42.2                              20.4 9.6 2.0     Ductile/5    5   5   5   5    5   5     -30° C./5                  5   4   5   2    0   0     __________________________________________________________________________                  7   8   9   10   11  12     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                  1161                      1029                          970 976  922 910     Stress at Yield, MPa                  32.1                      29.2                          28.5                              26.8 25.6                                       25.3     Tensile Elongation, %                  374 240 118 376  474 185     Tensile Strength, MPa                  20.5                      18.9                          18.3                              17.7 16.0                                       17.0     Young's Modulus, MPa                  570 552 521 505  469 486     Hardness, Shore D                  64  61  60  61   60  60     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                  366 383 315 391  425 341     -30° C., J/m                  17.9                      16.8                          19.2                              20.2 19.8                                       17.6     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                  893 781 854 857  799 827     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  1787                      1449                          1046                              1546 1252                                       995     -30° C., J/m                  3079                      588 542 1668 676 492     Total Energy, J                  23.5                      14.8                          10.2                              18.4 13.2                                       10.0     -30° C., J                  20.8                      2.6 2.6 7.0  2.6 2.2     Ductile/5    5   5   5   5    5   5     -30° C./5                  0   0   0   0    0   0     __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 25C     ______________________________________     CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST     DISC     SAMPLE S1                      S1     TAPE   3M.sup.1         S2     NICHIBAN                                            S2     SAMPLE W/O IPA          3M     W/O IPA NICHIBAN     PP.sup.2            0%               W/O IPA                                     1%     W/O IPA     ______________________________________     1       8%       4%      1%     12%     49%     2       1%       2%      4%     39%     43%     3       87%      90%     91%    97%    100%     4       49%      53%     57%    87%     95%     5       98%      98%     97%   100%    100%     6       99%     100%    100%   100%    100%     7      100%     100%     99%   100%    100%     8       98%      99%    100%   100%    100%     9      100%     100%    100%   100%    100%     10     100%             100%   100%    100%     11     100%             100%   100%    100%     12     100%             100%   100%    100%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040      .sup.2 Control

EXAMPLE 26

                  TABLE 26A     ______________________________________                                JEFFAMINE ®     Sample  TPO.sup.1                     MAL-PP.sup.2                                M-2070    Phenol     ______________________________________     1       100%    --         --        --     2        90%    10%        --        --     3        85%    15%        --        --     4        80%    20%        --        --     5        85.8%  10%        4%        0.2%     6        83.8%  10%        6%        0.2%     7        80.8%  15%        4%        0.2%     8        78.8%  15%        6%        0.2%     9        75.8%  20%        4%        0.2%     10       73.8%  20%        6%        0.2%     11       80.8%  15%        4%        0.2%     12       78.8%  15%        6%        0.2%     13       75.8%  20%        4%        0.2%     14       73.8%  20%        6%        0.2%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 KELTAN TP 2632      .sup.2 EPOLENE E43

                                      TABLE 26B     __________________________________________________________________________                  1   2   3   4   5   6   7     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                  1648                      1838                          1863                              1895                                  1537                                      1314                                          1415     Stress at Yield, MPa                  26.9                      32.7                          33.9                              34.2                                  27.5                                      23.8                                          25.7     Tensile Elongation, %                  93  6   4   2   9   9   6     Tensile Strength, MPa                  15.9                      18.7                          19.0                              18.9                                  17.0                                      15.4                                          15.9     Young's Modulus, MPa                  876 1007                          1065                              1080                                  881 779 802     Hardness, Shore D                  63  64  64  64  62  57  60     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                  518 56  98  23  126 204 63     -30° C., J/m                  146 36  24  14  27  32  19     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                  1147                      923 691 327 920 508 417     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  1496                      1644                          1628                              1222                                  1408                                      1044                                          916     -30° C., J/m                  2499                      2662                          2371                              799 1040                                      597 566     Total Energy, J                  22.0                      21.1                          20.1                              9.72                                  16.7                                      10.1                                          8.45     -30° C., J                  34.7                      21.6                          13.1                              5.14                                  3.61                                      3.15                                          2.96     Ductile/5    5   5   5   0   3   5   0     -30° C./5                  5   0   0   0   0   0   0     __________________________________________________________________________                  8   9   10  11  12  13  14     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                  1285                      1439                          1261                              1356                                  1173                                      1479                                          1323     Stress at Yield, MPa                  22.8                      25.8                          22.6                              27.6                                  26.1                                      28.7                                          27.0     Tensile Elongation, %                  6   4   5   8   10  4   6     Tensile Strength, MPa                  15.0                      16.4                          14.9                              17.7                                  17.4                                      17.4                                          17.0     Young's Modulus, MPa                  767 887 777 738 663 862 743     Hardness, Shore D                  59  60  60  62  60  61  59     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                  58  27  31  55  92  32  40     -30° C., J/m                  16  13  12  22  22  15  18     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                  313 334 222 691 812 632 771     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  719 492 334 1548                                  1555                                      929 1207     -30° C., J/m                  518 487 472 1923                                  1161                                      616 812     Total Energy, J                  5.92                      4.02                          2.71                              18.9                                  19.0                                      7.08                                          10.8     -30° C., J                  3.07                      2.63                          2.82                              7.76                                  5.34                                      3.85                                          4.02     Ductile/5    0   0   0   4   5   0   0     -30° C./5                  0   0   0   0   0   0   0     __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 26C     ______________________________________     CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST     DISC SAMPLE               S1                S1     TAPE      3M.sup.1 S2       NICHIBAN S2     SAMPLE    W/IPA    3M       W/O IPA  NICHIBAN     PP.sup.2  0%       W/IPA    0%       W/O IPA     ______________________________________     1          77%      84%     65%      92%     2          32%      0%      22%       5%     3          1%       4%       8%       8%     4          0%       0%       7%      13%     5         100%     100%     99%      96%     6         100%     100%     100%     100%     7         100%     100%     95%      82%     8         100%     100%     88%      100%     9          99%      98%     100%     100%     10        100%     100%     100%     100%     11        100%      96%     100%     93%     12         74%      19%     57%      77%     13         83%      62%     100%     64%     14         91%      84%     91%      93%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040      .sup.2 Control

EXAMPLE 27

                  TABLE 27A     ______________________________________     Sample  TPO.sup.1                     MAL-PP.sup.2                              AMINE.sup.3                                       Phenol                                             PP.sup.4     ______________________________________     1       99.7%   --       --       0.3%     2       84.7%   --       --       0.3%  15%     3       79.7%   --       --       0.3%  20%     4       89.7%   10%      --       0.3%     5       84.7%   15%      --       0.3%     6       79.7%   20%      --       0.3%     7       85.7%   10%      4%       0.3%     8       83.7%   10%      6%       0.3%     9       80.7%   15%      4%       0.3%     10      78.7%   15%      6%       0.3%     11      75.7%   20%      4%       0.3%     12      73.7%   20%      6%       0.3%     13      71.7%   20%      8%       0.3%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A      .sup.2 EPOLENE E43      .sup.3 A polyether monoamine containing 40 ethylene oxide units and 2.4      propylene oxide units, generally of the formula shown in the Glossary for      JEFFAMINE ® M2070, and which is referred to as "XTJ418" within      Huntsman Corporation.      .sup.4 AMOCO 1016

                                      TABLE 27B     __________________________________________________________________________                  1   2   3   4   5   6   7     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                  510 646 705 588 664 734 546     Stress at Yield, MPa                  15.8                      19.8                          21.4                              18.7                                  20.6                                      22.7                                          17.2     Tensile Elongation, %                  666 666 666 666 666 484 531     Tensile Strength, MPa                  14.6                      17.0                          18.1                              14.6                                  14.6                                      15.5                                          12.3     Young's Modulus, MPa                  284 368 394 340 375 414 310     Hardness, Shore D                  58  60  60  59  61  62  57     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                  589 582 597 529 398 94  499     -30° C., J/m                  65  47  38  38  37  37  40     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                  722 867 841 727 882 958 704     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  1428                      1589                          1632                              1486                                  1513                                      1529                                          1334     -30° C., J/m                  3007                      3335                          3506                              3290                                  3278                                      2610                                          889     Total Energy, J                  20.6                      22.6                          23.4                              20.9                                  20.6                                      21.1                                          16.0     -30° C., J                  39.4                      39.3                          44.6                              43.0                                  38.5                                      18.0                                          3.7     Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   5   5     -30° C./5                  5   4   5   5   4   0   0     __________________________________________________________________________                  8   9   10  11  12  13     __________________________________________________________________________     Flexural Modulus, MPa                  502 529 618 603 591 653     Stress at Yield, MPa                  16.4                      16.9                          18.6                              18.8                                  18.5                                      19.6     Tensile Elongation, %                  208 245 170 138 37  43     Tensile Strength, MPa                  11.7                      12.2                          13.0                              13.5                                  13.5                                      13.8     Young's Modulus, MPa                  299 309 355 348 354 381     Hardness, Shore D                  52  58  57  52  57  59     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                  443 437 445 310 162 90     -30° C., J/m                  46  35  36  28  25  22     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                  601 642 834 871 732 789     Falling Dart Impact     Max Load, J/m                  1180                      1255                          1207                              1263                                  1205                                      908     -30° C., J/m                  760 2344                          1505                              1018                                  911 688     Total Energy, J                  12.9                      14.1                          14.2                              14.4                                  13.2                                      7.0     -30° C., J                  3.2 12  6.3 3.3 3.1 3.1     Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   0     -30° C./5                  0   0   0   0   0   0     __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 27C     ______________________________________     CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST     DISC SAMPLE               S1                 S1     TAPE      3M.sup.1 S2        NICHIBAN                                          S2     SAMPLE    W/O IPA  3M        W/O IPA NICHIBAN     PP.sup.2  5%       W/O IPA   2%      W/O IPA     ______________________________________     1          29%      67%       74%     92%     2          66%      76%       81%     84%     3          61%      73%       78%     61%     4         100%      98%      100%     98%     5          96%     100%      100%     99%     6          85%      94%       91%     96%     7         100%     100%      100%    100%     8         100%     100%      100%    100%     9         100%     100%      100%    100%     10        100%     100%      100%    100%     11        100%     100%      100%    100%     12        100%     100%      100%    100%     13        100%     100%      100%    100%     ______________________________________      .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040      .sup.2 Control

Examples 18-27 demonstrate that TPO modified with the reaction product of maleated PP and polyether amines of this invention provides a composition that is directly paintable. This paintability is surprising and unexpected in that the TPO's used to make automotive body parts, such as bumper fascias, are not directly readily paintable to a commercially acceptable level. Heretofore, in order to render automotive TPO based molded body parts paintable, the parts were treated with an adhesion promoter comprised of low molecular weight chlorinated polyethylene and a solvent, which results in a toxic waste stream that must be properly disposed of, and which adds to the cost of the parts. Alternatively, the parts could be heat treated using plasma irradiation, or otherwise partially burning the surface of the parts. This procedure is also expensive and may be, moreover, prone to variability in result owing to batch to batch variances from procedure and errors by the operator.

Compositions prepared in accordance with the practice of the present invention generally may be directly painted, with or without a primer, such that the paint adhesion is greater than about 75 percent based on the testing procedure described above for Examples 18-27, preferably greater than about 85 percent, more preferably greater than about 90 percent, and most preferably greater than about 95 percent.

Compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention may be used to prepare molded articles of manufacture using conventional, well known, molding techniques under standard conditions. For instance, standard injection molding techniques can be employed. Certain compositions (blends) of the present invention have surprisingly been found to have improved flowability characteristics during injection molding of TPO-based compositions such that less pressure may be used when injecting the melted compositions into a mold, as compared to compositions in which polyetheramine is absent. The desired shape of the molded article may vary depending on end use of the article. For instance, rubber containing compositions of the present invention may be injection molded to manufacture automotive body parts such as bumper fascias.

EXAMPLE 28

A polyol was prepared by ethoxylation of methanol (ethylene oxide/methanol mole ratio of about 43:1), followed by propoxylation with approximately three moles of propylene oxide to yield a polyol that analyzed as 0.474 meq/g total acetylatables (2110 g/equivalent). To a tubular reactor containing 594 g of an amination catalyst, there was simultaneously fed 1.0 lb/hr of the polyol, 1.25 lb/hr of ammonia, 42 lb/hr (STP) hydrogen. The reactor was maintained at 208° C. and 2000 psig. The effluent was collected and stripped of ammonia, water and light materials and analyzed as follows: 0.473 meq/g total acetylatables, 0.454 meq/g total amine, and 0.450 meq/g primary amine. The polyether monoamine so formed contained about 43 ethylene oxide units and had an equivalent weight of about 2110. This polyether monoamine is referred to herein as "XTJ-418."

EXAMPLE 29

Blends containing the polyether monoamine of Example 28 were prepared having the components and properties as denoted in Tables 29A and 29B. In Table 29A, compositions containing polypropylene, maleated PP (HIMONT CA53A) and amines were employed. In Table 29B, TPO-based compositions are used. In the Tables 29A-29B, the JEFFAMINE M-2070 designates a polyether monoamine containing 10 propylene oxide units and 32 ethylene oxide units. The data points for JEFFAMINE M-2070 are intended to be for comparative purposes, as contrasted with the data for XTJ-418.

                  TABLE 29A     ______________________________________     PP-BASED COMPOSITIONS     ______________________________________     Maleated-PP (%)                20    20    20  20  20  20  30  30  30  30  30     XTJ-418 (%)                4           6       8       4       6       8     JEFFAMINE        4         6       8       4       6     M-2070 (%)     Paint Adhesion (%)                14    42    56  53  80  40  65  50  52  43  92     ______________________________________

                                      TABLE 29B     __________________________________________________________________________     TPO-BASED COMPOSITIONS     __________________________________________________________________________     Maleated-PP (%)                 10 10 15 15                            15 20                                 20 20                                      20 20                                           20 20     XTJ-418 (%) 4  6  4    6    4    6    8     JEFFAMINE M-2070 (%) 4    6    4    6    8     Paint Adhesion (%)                 100                    100                       100                          90                            100                               89                                 100                                    70                                      100                                         90                                           100                                              96     __________________________________________________________________________

Example 29 demonstrates the superior paint adhesion achieved using the polyether monoamine of Example 28. It should be appreciated that XTJ-418 results in adhesion of up to 80% in Table 29A, whereas the adhesion for JEFFAMINE M-2070 did not produce adhesion above 53%. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that in the automotive industry, adhesion of less than 100% is considered unacceptable for commercial purposes.

GLOSSARY

JEFFAMINE M-1000 ##STR5## JEFFAMINE M-2070 and JEFFAMINE M-2005 ##STR6## where R=H or CH₃, m is from about 3 to 32, and n is from about 10 to 32.

JEFFAMINE D-2000, JEFFAMINE D-4000 and JEFFAMINE D-400 ##STR7## where x is about 33 for D-2000, x is about 68 for D-4000 and x is about 5.6 for D-400.

JEFFAMINE ED-600, JEFFAMINE ED-900, JEFFAMINE ED-2001, JEFFAMINE ED-4000, and JEFFAMINE ED-6000 ##STR8## where b is about 8.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-600, b is about 15.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-900, b is about 40.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-20-1, b is about 86.0 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-4000, and b is about 132.0 and a+c is about 3.0 for ED-6000.

JEFFAMINE T-3000 and JEFFAMINE T-5000 ##STR9## where x+y+z=50 for T-3000 and x+y+z=83 for T-5000. JEFFAMINE ET-3000 ##STR10## where x+y+z=57 and a+b+c=4. 

We claim:
 1. A compound comprising polypropylene and the reaction product of a functionalized polypropylene and a polyether monoamine which contains from about 36 to about 44 ethylene oxide units and from about 1 to about 6 propylene oxide units.
 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the functionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein the polyether monoamine has a molecular weight of about 2000 to about
 2200. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the polyether monoamine contains from about 40 to about 43 ethylene oxide units and from about 2.4 to about 3 propylene oxide units.
 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the polyether monoamine is of formula: ##STR11## wherein m is about 36 to about 44, and wherein n is about 1 to about
 6. 6. The compound of claim 1, comprising:(a) from about 70 to about 80 wt % of polypropylene; (b) from about 20 to about 30 wt % of maleated polypropylene; and (c) from about 2 to about 10 wt % of polyether monoamine.
 7. A process for producing the reaction product of a maleated polypropylene and a polyether monoamine comprising grafting the polyether monoamine onto maleated polypropylene in the presence of polypropylene by melting the components in a mixing apparatus at a temperature of from about 175 to about 300° C. in the course of a residence time of from about 25 to 300 seconds, wherein the polyether monoamine contains from about 36 to about 44 ethylene oxide units and from about 1 to about 6 propylene oxide units.
 8. A composition useful for making molded automotive body parts, comprising:polypropylene; an elastomer; and the reaction product of functionalized polypropylene and a polyether monoamine which contains from about 36 to about 44 ethylene oxide units and from about 1 to about 6 propylene oxide units.
 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the polyether monoamine contains 40 ethylene oxide units and from 2.4 to about 3 propylene oxide units.
 10. The composition of claim 8, wherein the polyether monoamine is of formula: ##STR12##
 11. The composition of claim 8, wherein the functionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 12. The composition of claim 8, wherein the elastomer is an ethylene/propylene rubber.
 13. The composition of claim 8, wherein the functionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene in an amount in the range from about 5 to about 40 weight percent and the polyether monoamine is present in an amount in the range from about 2 to about 10 weight percent.
 14. The composition of claim 8 in the absence of an amine other than the polyether monoamine and in the absence of a copolymer of an olefin and maleic anhydride.
 15. The composition of claim 8 wherein the paint adhesion of the composition is greater than 95 percent.
 16. The composition of claim 8, further comprising a glass filler in an amount up to about 40 weight percent.
 17. An article of manufacture in the form of an automotive body part prepared by injection molding from a composition comprising: polypropylene;ethylene/propylene rubber; and the reaction product of maleated polypropylene and a polyether monoamine which contains from about 36 to about 44 ethylene oxide units and from about 1 to about 6 propylene oxide units.
 18. A method of preparing a painted automotive body part, comprising:preparing a molded automotive body part by injection molding a blend comprising polypropylene, ethylene/propylene rubber and the reaction product of maleated polypropylene and a polyether monoamine which contains from about 36 to about 44 ethylene oxide units and from about 1 to about 6 propylene oxide units; and painting the molded automotive body part.
 19. A part prepared in accordance with claim
 18. 20. A process for the production of compositions useful for making automotive body parts, comprising: compounding polypropylene, maleated polypropylene, and a polyether monoamine which contains from about 36 to about 44 ethylene oxide units and from about 1 to about 6 propylene oxide units in an extruder at a temperature of from about 175° C. to about 300° C., and under conditions such that the maleated polypropylene and the polyether monoamine form a reaction product, to form a compounded composition.
 21. The process of claim 20 wherein a rubber is present during compounding and is present in the compounded composition.
 22. A blended composition useful for making molded articles of manufacture, comprising:polypropylene; a filler; the reaction product of maleated polypropylene and a polyether monoamine which contains about 36 to about 44 ethylene oxide units, and from about 1 to about 6 propylene oxide units.
 23. The composition of claim 22, further comprising an ethylene/propylene rubber.
 24. The composition of claim 22, wherein the filler is a glass filler and is present in an amount up to about 40 weight percent of the composition. 